Katedra Chorób Ptaków

Publikacje

 

      Dorobek publikacyjny Katedry Chorób Ptaków Wydziału Medycyny Weterynaryjnej
Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego w Olsztynie od 2012 r.
– prace oryginalne

2025

  1. Dziewulska D., Tykałowski B., Łukaszuk E., Stenzel T.: The course of pigeon circovirus infection in young pigeons experimentally kept under conditions mimicking the One Loft Race rearing system. 2025, Journal of Veterinary Research, 69, doi: 10.2478/jvetres-2025-0009.
  2. Łukaszuk E., Dziewulska D., Prątnicka A., Custer J.M., Kraberger S., Varsani A., Stenzel T.: Characterization, phylogeny and prevalence of the coding-complete genomes of aviadenoviruses and siadenovirus in young racing pigeons. 2025, Virology, 603, doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110400.
  3. Łukaszuk E, Dziewulska D, Khalifeh A., Custer JM, Kraberger S, Varsani A, Stenzel T.: Know and novel parvoviruses identified in domestic pigeons. 2025, BMC Veterinary Research, 21, 47, doi:10.1186/s12917-025-04510-8.
  4. Ognik K., Tykałowski B., Mikulski D., Smagieł R., Cholewińska E., Koncicki A., Stępniowska A., Jankowski J.: Early administration of antibiotics to turkey poults deteriorates maternal immunity and impairs post-vaccination antibody synthesis. 2025, Annals of Animal Science,  25, 239-257, doi: 10.2478/aoas-2024-0063.

 

2024

  1. Mikulski D., Juśkiewicz J., Ognik K., Fotschki B., Tykałowski B., Jankowski J.: Gastrointestinal response to the early administration of antimicrobial agents in growing turkeys infected with Escherichia coli. 2024, Poultry Science, doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103720.
  2. Śmiałek M., Kowalczyk J., Gesek M.: Comparison of Three Different IBD Vaccination Protocols in Broiler Chicken-Efficacy, Serological Baselines and Histo-Pathological Lesions in the Bursa of Fabricius. 2024, Animals, 14, 1-9.
  3. Łukaszuk E., Dziewulska D., Stenzel T.: Recombinant viruses from the Picornaviridae family occurring in racing pigeons. 2024, Viruses, 16, 917, doi: doi.org/10.3390/v16060917.
  4. Stenzel T., Dziewulska D., Łukaszuk E., Custer J.M., De Koch M.D., Kraberger S., Varsani A.: The pigeon circovirus evolution, epidemiology and interaction with the host immune system under One Loft Race rearing conditions. 2024, Scientific Reports, 14(1), 13815, doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-64587-3.
  5. Łukaszuk E., Dziewulska D., Custer J.M., Kraberger S., Varsani A., Stenzel T.: Occurrence of astrovirus in young racing pigeons and genome characterization of 2 new astrovirus genomes representing 2 new species. 2024, Poultry Science, 103(9):104028, doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104028.
  6. Łukaszuk E., Dziewulska D., Stenzel T.: Rotaviruses in Pigeons With Diarrhea: Recovery of Three Complete Pigeon Rotavirus A Genomes and the First Case of Pigeon Rotavirus G in Europe. 2024, Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, ID 4684235,  doi:doi.org/10.1155/tbed/4684235.

 

2023

  1. Tykałowski B., Koncicki A., Kowalczyk J., Śmiałek M., Bakuła T., Murawska D., Sobotka W., Stenzel T.: The impact of full-fat Hermetia illucens larvae meal on the health and immune system fuction of broiler chickens. 2023, Journal of Vetrinary Research, 67 (2),  197–207, doi: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0022.
  2. Wojtacka J., Wysok B., Wiszniewska-Łaszczych A.,  Gomółka-Pawlicka M., Gesek M., Chłodowska A., Tykałowski B., Różański H., Iwiński H., Koncicki A.: Effect of water supplemented with a herbal product on the internal organs of broiler chickens. 2023, Medycyna Weterynaryjna, 79, 422-427, doi: dx.doi.org/10.2152/mw.6785.
  3. Śmiałek M., Konieczka T., Konieczka P., Kowalczyk J., Koncicki A., Kozłowski K.,  Jankowski J.: Monitoring of antibiotic use in broiler turkey flocks  in the Warmia and Mazury province in 2019–2021. 2023,  Journal of Veterinary Research, 67 (2), 243–249, doi:10.2478/jvetres-2023-0032.
  4. Smagieł R., Ognik K., Cholewińska E., Stępniewska A., Listos P., Tykałowski B., Mikulski D., Koncicki A., Jankowski J.: The effect of early administration of antibiotics or feeding diet containing a coccidiostat on inflammatory responses and the morphological structure of selected organs of the immune system in young meat-type turkeys. 2023, Poultry Science, doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102876.
  5. Sobierajski T., Wanke-Rytt M., Chajęcka-Wierzchowska W., Śmiałek M., Hryniewicz W.: One health in the consciousness of veterinary students from the perspective of knowledge of antibiotic therapy and antimicrobial resistence: a multi-centre study. 2023,  Frontiers in Public Health, 11, doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1165035.

 

2022

  1. Sawicka-Durkalec A., Tomczyk G., Kursa O., Stenzel T., Gyuranecz M.: Evidence of Mycoplasma spp. transmission by migratory wild geese. 2022, Poultry Science, 101 (1), doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101526.
  2. Wysok B., Sołtysiuk M., Stenzel T.: Wildlife Waterfowl as a Source of Pathogenic Campylobacter Strains. 2022, Pathogens, 11 (2), 113,doi: 10.3390/ pathogens11020113.
  3. Łukaszuk E., Dziewulska D., Stenzel T.: Occurrence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Avian Coronaviruses in Domestic Pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in Poland between 2016 and 2020. 2022, Pathogens, 11 (6), 646, doi: 10.3390/pathogens11060646.
  4. Konieczka P., Tykałowski B., Ognik K., Kinsner M., Szkopek D., Wójcik M., Mikulski D., Jankowski J.: Increased arginine, lysine, and methionine levels can improve the performance, gut integrity and immune status of turkeys but the effect is interactive and depends on challenge conditions. 2022, Veterinary Research, 53(1):59, doi: 10.1186/s13567-022-01080-7.
  5. Tykałowski B., Koncicki A.: Effect of immunomodulation in turkeys infected with haemorrhagic enteritis virus on the percentage of CD4+ and CD8α+ T lymphocyte subpopulation synthesizing IFN-γ. 2022, Journal of Veterinary Research, 66 (4),
  6. 537–547, doi: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0068.
  7. Jankowski J., Tykałowski B., Stępniowska A., Konieczka P., Koncicki A., Matusevicius P., Ognik K: Immune Parameters in Chickens Treated with Antibiotics and Probiotics during Early Life. 2022, Animals,  12 (22), 1133, doi: 10.3390/ani12091133.
  8. Kowalczyk J., Czokajło I., Gańko M., Śmiałek M., Koncicki A.: Identification and Antimicrobial Resistance in Klebsiella spp. Isolates from Turkeys in Poland between 2019 and 2022. 2022, Animals, 12 (22), 3157, doi: 10.3390/ani12223157.
  9. Śmiałek M., Kowalczyk J., Ogonowska-Woźniak B., Koncicki A.: Comparison of two commercial ELISA kits for serological monitoring of avian encephalomyelitis in a reproductive turkey flock. 2022, Polish Journal of Veterinary Science, 25 (4), 621–624, doi: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.143542.
  10. Sobierajski T., Mazińska B., Chajęcka-Wierzchowska W., Śmiałek M., Hryniewicz W.: Antimicrobial and Antibiotic Resistance from the Perspective of Polish Veterinary Students: An Inter-University Study. 2022, Antibiotics, 11, 1–17, doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11010115.

 

2021

  1. Kaczorek-Łukowska E., Sowińska P., Franaszek A., Dziewuslka D., Małaczewska J., Stenzel T.: Can domestic pigeons be a potential carrier of zoonotic Salmonella? 2021, Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 68, 2321–2333, doi: 10.1111/tbed.13891.
  2. Khalifeh A., Kraberger S., Dziewulska D., Varsani A., Stenzel T.: A Pilot Study Investigating the Dynamics of Pigeon Circovirus Recombination in Domesticated Pigeons Housed in a Single Loft. 2021, Viruses, 13 (6), 964, doi: 10.3390/v13060964.
  3. Śmiałek M., Kowalczyk J., Gesek M., Kaczorek-Łukowska E., Dziewulska D., Tykałowski B., Koncicki A.: The influence of maternally derived antibodies on protection against aMPV/A infection in TRT vaccinated turkeys. 2021.  Poultry Science, 100 (5), 101086, doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101086.
  4. Śmiałek M., Kowalczyk J., Koncicki A.: The Use of Probiotics in the Reduction of Campylobacter spp. Prevalence in Poultry. 2021, Animals, 11:1355, doi:  10.3390/ani11051355.
  5. Śmiałek M., Kowalczyk J., Koncicki A.: The Influence of Vaccination of Broiler Chickens and Turkeys with Live E. coli Attenuated Vaccine on E. coli Population Properties and TRT Vaccination Efficacy. 2021, Animals, 11 (7), 2068, doi: 10.3390/ani11072068.
  6. Śmiałek M., Gesek M., Dziewulska D., Koncicki A.: Relationship between chicken proventricular necrosis virus prevalence and transmissible viral proventriculitis in broiler chickens in Poland. 2021. Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 24 (3), 385-391, doi: 10.24425/pjvs.2021.138729.
  7. Ognik K., Mikulski D., Konieczka P., Tykałowski B., Krauze M., Stępniowska A., Nynca A., Jankowski J.: The immune status, oxidative and epigenetic changes in tissues of turkeys fed diets with different ratios of arginine and lysine. 2021, Scientific Reports, 11(1):15975, doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-95529-y.
  8. Kowalczyk J., Tykałowski B., Śmiałek M., Stenzel T., Dziewulska D, Koncicki A.: Effect of a Mineral–Microbial Deodorizing Preparation on the Functions of Internal Organs and the Immune System in Commercial Poultry. 2021, Animals, 11 (9), 2592, doi: 10.3390/ani11092592.
  9. Tykałowski B., Śmiałek M., Kowalczyk J., Dziewulska D., Stenzel T., Koncicki A.: Phytoncides in the prevention and therapy of blackhead disease and their effect on the turkey immune system. 2021, Journal of Veterinary Research, 65 (1), 79–85, doi: 10.2478/jvetres-2021-0010.

 

2020

  1. Odyniec M., Stenzel T., Ławreszuk D., Bancerz-Kisiel A.: Bioserotypes, virulence markers and antimicrobial susceptibility of Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from free-living birds. BioMed Research International, 2020, ID 8936591, doi:10.1155/2020/8936591.
  2. Kowalczyk J., Śmiałek M., Tykałowski B., Dziewulska D., Stenzel T., Koncicki A.: Research note: Effect of age on the distribution of lymphocytes in the oviduct in turkey breeder hens. 2020, Poultry Science, doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.03.005.
  3. Śmiałek M., Kowalczyk J., Koncicki A.: Influence of vaccination of broiler chickens against Escherichia coli with live attenuated vaccine on general properties of E. coli population, IBV vaccination efficiency, and production parameters - a field experiment. 2020,  Poultry Science, 99 (11), 5452–5460, doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.039.
  4. Stenzel T., Dziewulska D., Tykałowski B., Koncicki A.: The clinical infection with pigeon circovirus (PiCV) leads to lymphocyte B apoptosis but has no effect on lymphocyte T subpopulation. 2020,  Pathogens, 9(8), 632, doi: 10.3390/pathogens9080632.
  5. Śmiałek M., Tykałowski B., Dziewulska D., Kowalczyk J., Koncicki A.: IFNγ  production profile in turkeys of different immunological status after TRT vaccination. 2020,  Journal of Veterinary Research, 64, 239-245, doi: 10.2478/jvetres-2020-0040.
  6. Śmiałek M., Gesek M., Dziewulska D., Niczyporuk J.S., Koncicki A.: Transmissible Viral Proventriculitis Caused by Chicken Proven-tricular Necrosis Virus Displaying Sero-logical Cross-Reactivity with IBDV. 2020, Animals, 11 (1), 8, doi: 10.3390/ani11010008.

 

2019

  1. Stenzel T., Dziewulska D., Michalczyk M., Ławreszuk D., Koncicki A.: Molecular analysis of cox-1 and 18S rRNA gene fragments of Eimeria species isolated from endangered grouse: capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) and black grouse (Tetrao tetrix). 2019,  Parasitology Research, 118 (2), 461–468, doi: 10.1007/s00436-018-6171-5.
  2. Kowalczyk J., Śmiałek M., Tykałowski B., Dziewulska D., Stenzel T., Koncicki A.: Field evaluation of maternal antibody transfer from breeder turkey hens to egg yolks, egg whites, and poults. 2019, Poultry Science, 98 (3), 3150–3157, doi: 10.3382/ps/pez126.
  3. Sawicka A., Tomczyk G., Kursa O., Stenzel T.: Occurrence and relevance of Mycoplasma spp. in racing and ornamental pigeons in Poland. 2019, Avian Diseases, 63 (3), 468–473, doi: 10.1637/12018-122718-Reg.1.
  4. Stenzel T., Dziewulska D., Śmiałek M., Tykałowski B., Kowalczyk J., Koncicki A.: Comparison of the immune response to vaccination with pigeon circovirus recombinant capsid protein (PiCV rCP) in pigeons uninfected and subclinically infected with PiCV. 2019, Plos One, 14 (6), e0219175, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0219175.
  5. Tykałowski B., Śmiałek M., Koncicki A., Ognik K., Zdunczyk Z., Jankowski J.: The immune response of young turkeys to haemorrhagic enteritis virus infection at different levels and sources of methionine in the diet. 2019, BMC Veterinary Research, 15, 387, doi: 10.1186/s12917-019-2138-8.
  6. Śmiałek M., Kaczorek E., Szczucińska E., Burchardt S., Kowalczyk J., Tykałowski B., Koncicki A.: Evaluation of Lactobacillus spp. and yeast based probiotic (Lavipan) supplementation for the reduction of Salmonella Enteritidis after infection of broiler chickens. 2019, Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 22 (1), 5–10, doi: 10.24425/pjvs.2018.125616.

 

2018

  1. Dziewulska D., Stenzel T., Śmiałek M., Tykałowski B., Koncicki A.: An evaluation of the impact of aloe vera and licorice extracts on the course of experimental pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 infection in pigeons. 2018, Poultry Science,  97 (2), 470–476, doi: 10.3382/ps/pex341.
  2. Stenzel T., Dziewulska D, Muhire B.M., Hartnady P., Kraberger S., Martin D.P., Varsani A.: Recombinant goose circovirus circulating in domesticated and wild geese in Poland. 2018, Viruses, 10 (3), 107, doi: 10.3390/v10030107.
  3. Dziewulska D., Stenzel T., Śmiałek M., Tykałowski B., Koncicki A.: The impact of Aloe vera and licorice extracts on selected mechanisms of humoral and cell-mediated immunity in pigeons experimentally infected with PPMV-1. 2018, BMC Veterinary Research, 14, 148, doi: 10.1186/s12917-018-1467-3.
  4. Stenzel T., Dziewulska D., Tykałowski B., Śmiałek M., Kowalczyk J., Koncicki A.: Immunogenicity of pigeon circovirus recombinant capsid protein in pigeons. 2018,Viruses, 10 (11), 596, doi:10.3390/v10110596.
  5. Jankowski J., Tykałowski B, Ognik K., Koncicki A., Kubińska M., Zduńczyk Z.: The effect of different dietary levels of DL-methionine and DL-hydroxy analogue on the antioxidant status of young turkeys infected with the haemorrhagic enteritis virus. 2018,   BMC Veterinary Research, 14, 404, doi: 10.1186/s12917-018-1727-2.
  6. Śmiałek M., Burchard S., Koncicki A.: The influence  of probiotic supplementation in broiler chickens on population and carcass contamination with Campylobacter spp. – Field study. 2018, Research in Veterinary Sciences, 118, 312-316, doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.03.009.

 

2017

  1. Stenzel T., Woźniakowski G., Pestka D., Choszcz D., Tykałowski B., Śmiałek M.,  Koncicki A.: Application of pigeon circovirus recombinant capsid protein for detecting anti-PiCV antibodies in the sera of asymptomatic domestic pigeons and the potential use of a combination of serological and molecular tests for controlling circovirus infections in pigeon breeding flocks. 2017, Poultry Science, 96 (2), 303–308, doi: 10.3382/ps/pew266.
  2. Stenzel T., Pestka D., Tykałowski B., Śmiałek M., Koncicki A., Bancerz-Kisiel A.: Detection of Bordetella avium by TaqMan real-time PCR in tracheal swabs from wildlife birds. 2017, Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 20 (1), 31–36, doi: 10.1515/pjvs-2017-0005.
  3. Śmiałek M., Gesek M., Śmiałek A., Koncicki A.: Identification of Transmissible Viral Proventriculitis (TVP) in broiler chickens in Poland. 2017, Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences,  20 (3), 417-420, doi: 10.1515/pjvs-2017-0050.
  4. Śmiałek M., Tykałowski B., Dziewulska D., Stenzel T., Koncicki A.: Immunological aspects of the efficiency of protectotype vaccination strategy against chicken infectious bronchitis. 2017, BMC Veterinary Research, 13 (1), 44, doi: 10.1186/s12917-017-0963-1.
  5. Stenzel T., Gesek M., Paździor-Czapula K., Otrocka-Domagała I., Koncicki A.: Cutaneous Leiomyosarcoma with multiple visceral metastases in a domestic pigeon. 2017, Avian Diseases,  61 (2), 274–278, doi: 10.1637/11552-120516-Case.1.
  6. Stenzel T., Dziewulska D., Śmiałek M., Tykałowski B., Kowalczyk J., Koncicki A.: Differentiation of infectious bronchitis virus vaccine strains Ma5 and 4/91 by TaqMan real-time PCR. 2017, Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 20 (3), 599–601, doi: 10.1515/pjvs-2017-0073.
  7. Szymańska-Czerwińska M., Mitura A., Zaręba K., Schnee C., Koncicki A., Niemczuk K.: Poultry in Poland as Chlamydiaceae carrier. 2017, Journal of Veterinary Research, 61, 411–519, doi: 10.1515/jvetres-2017-0072.

 

2016

  1. Śmiałek M., Śmiałek A., Koncicki A.: Practical aspects of estimation of optimal time for vaccination of chicken against IBD with use of “Deventer formula”. 2016, Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences,  19 (2), 425–427, doi: 10.1515/pjvs-2016-0053.
  2. Śmiałek M., Tykałowski B., Welenc J., Stenzel T., Koncicki A.: Three-step anti-aMPV IgA expression profile evaluation in Turkey of different immunological status after TRT vaccination. 2016, Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 19 (3), 509–518, doi: 10.1515/pjvs-2016-0064.

 

2015

  1. Śmiałek M., Tykałowski B., Pestka D., Stenzel T., Koncicki A.: Epidemiological situation of turkey coryza (bordetellosis) in Poland. 2015, Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences,  18 (3), 659–661, doi: 10.1515/pjvs-2015-0085.
  2. Kubińska M., Tykałowski B., Koncicki A., Jankowski J.: Biochemical and immunological responses of young turkeys to vaccination against Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale and different levels of dietary methionine. 2015, Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences,  18 (4), 807–816, doi: 10.1515/pjvs-2015-0105.
  3. Koncicki A., Śmiałek M., Tykałowski B., Pestka D., Stenzel T.: The influence of phytoncides on the immune system of broiler chickens and turkeys. 2015, Central European Journal of Immunology,  40 (3), 287–291, doi: 10.5114/ceji.2015.54588.
  4. Śmiałek M., Pestka D., Tykałowski B., Stenzel T., Koncicki A.: Development of vaccine-induced immunity against TRT in turkeys depends remarkably on the level of maternal antibodies and the age of birds on the day of vaccination. 2015. BMC Veterinary Research,  7 (11), 28, doi: 10.1186/s12917-015-0345-5.

 

2014

  1. Stenzel T., Bancerz-Kisiel A., Tykałowski B., Śmiałek M., Pestka D., Koncicki A.: Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from pigeons in Poland. 2014, Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 17 (1), 169–171, doi: 10.2478/pjvs-2014-0023.
  2. Tykałowski B., Śmiałek M., Pestka D., Stenzel T., Jankowski J., Mikulski D., Koncicki A.: Effect of whole wheat feeding on selected immune parameters in growing male turkeys. 2014, Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences,  17 (2), 255–262, doi: 10.2478/pjvs-2014-0036.
  3. Kubińska M., Tykałowski B., Jankowski J., Koncicki A.: Immunological and biochemical indicators in turkeys fed diets with a different Methionine content. 2014, Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 17(4), 687–695, doi: 10.2478/pjvs-2014-0100.
  4. Stenzel T., Tykałowski B., Śmiałek M., Pestka D., Koncicki A.: Influence of methisoprinol on the course of an experimental infection with PPMV-1 in pigeons. 2014, Medycyna Weterynaryjna,  70 (4), 219–223.
  5. Stenzel T., Pestka D.: Occurrence and genetic diversity of pigeon circovirus strains in Poland. 2014, Acta Veterinaria Hungarica,  62 (2), 274–283, doi: 10.1556/AVet.2014.004.
  6. Stenzel T.,  Piasecki T.,  Chrząstek K., Julian L.,  Muhire B.M.,  Golden M.,  Martin D.P.,  Varsani A.: Pigeon circoviruses display patterns of recombination, genomic secondary structure and selection similar to those of Beak and feather disease viruses. 2014, Journal of General Virology, 95 (6), 1338–1351, doi: 10.1099/vir.0.063917-0.
  7. Stenzel T., Pestka D., Choszcz D.: The prevalence and genetic characterization of Chlamydia psittaci from domestic and feral pigeons in Poland and the correlation between infection rate and incidence of pigeon circovirus. 2014, Poultry Science,
    93 (12), 2991–3001, doi: 10.3382/ps.2014-04219.
  8. Niedźwiedź A., Jaworski Z., Tykałowski B., Śmiałek M.: Neutrophil and macrophage apoptosis in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from healthy horses and horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO). 2014, BMC Veterinary Research, 10, 29, doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-29.

 

2013

  1. Tykałowski B., Stenzel T., Śmiałek M., Pestka D., Choszcz D., Koncicki A.: Influence of the oral administration of oxytetracycline on selected parameters of cellular immunity in turkeys. 2013, Medycyna Weterynaryjna, 69 (7), 432–435.

 

2012

  1. Koncicki A., Tykałowski B., Stenzel T., Śmiałek M., Pestka D.: Effect of infection of turkeys with haemorrhagic enteritis adenovirus isolate on the selected parameters of cellular immunity and the course of colibacillosis. 2012, Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 15 (2), 215–220, doi: 10.2478/v10181-011-0136-2.
  2. Stenzel T., Pestka D, Tykałowski B, Śmiałek M, Koncicki A.: Epidemiological investigation of selected pigeon viral infections in Poland. 2012, Veterinary Record,  171 (22), 562–566, doi: 10.1136/vr.100932.
  3. Bancerz-Kisiel A., Szczerba Turek A., Lipczyńska K., Stenzel T., Szweda W.: Bioserotypes and virulence markers of Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). 2012, Journal of Food Protection, 75 (12), 2219–2222, doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-214.

 

 

    

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